Bitcoin Power Law Points to a Coiled Spring Ready for Explosive Price Surge: Analyst Insights
Key Takeaways
- Bitcoin’s power law model positions its fair value at around $142,000, indicating the cryptocurrency is currently undervalued and poised for a significant upward surge.
- Analyst Adam Livingston highlights that Bitcoin’s price has been tightly aligned with its fair value since March 2024, a pattern that historically leads to explosive growth.
- Projections suggest Bitcoin could reach an upper band of $512,000 by the end of 2025, with the lower range above $50,000, despite recent market downturns.
- Major firms like Galaxy and Ark Invest have adjusted their Bitcoin forecasts downward due to factors like market crashes and competition from stablecoins, yet long-term bullishness persists.
- Integrating platforms like WEEX can help traders align with these trends by offering secure, efficient ways to engage with Bitcoin’s potential growth.
Imagine Bitcoin as a tightly wound spring, compressed and building energy, just waiting for the right moment to unleash a powerful leap upward. That’s the vivid picture painted by analyst and author Adam Livingston when he talks about the Bitcoin power law. This mathematical model has been guiding our understanding of BTC’s price behavior for years, and right now, it’s signaling that the world’s leading cryptocurrency is undervalued and primed for a breakout. If you’ve been watching the markets, feeling that mix of excitement and uncertainty, this could be the insight that reignites your optimism. Let’s dive into what this means for Bitcoin’s future, exploring the data, the predictions, and how it all ties into the broader crypto landscape.
Understanding the Bitcoin Power Law and Its Fair Value Predictions
At its core, the Bitcoin power law is like a roadmap for BTC’s long-term price trajectory. It uses historical data to plot a fair value line, which acts as a benchmark for where the price should be based on time and adoption trends. According to Livingston, BTC has been sticking closely to this fair value—pegged at about $142,000—since March 2024. This isn’t just a random observation; it’s backed by patterns we’ve seen before in Bitcoin’s history.
Think of it like a rubber band stretched to its limit. When Bitcoin hugs this fair value line for too long, it often snaps back with force. Livingston explains that in past instances, one of two scenarios played out: either the price exploded upward because it was undervalued compared to the long-term trend, or it dipped briefly into a lower band before rocketing even higher. This coiled-spring analogy isn’t just colorful—it’s grounded in real data from Bitcoin’s price charts over the years.
For context, projections based on this model put Bitcoin’s upper price band at around $512,000 by December 31, 2025. The fair value sits solidly at $142,000, while the lower end hovers just above $50,000. These figures aren’t pulled from thin air; they’re derived from the power law’s mathematical framework, which has proven remarkably accurate in tracking BTC’s growth from its early days. If you’re a trader or investor, this suggests that the current price levels might represent a buying opportunity, especially as the market recovers from recent turbulence.
What makes this particularly engaging is how it contrasts with the doom-and-gloom narratives floating around. While some are panicking about a potential bear market, the power law offers a counterpoint, reminding us that Bitcoin’s fundamentals remain strong. It’s like comparing a short-term storm to the steady rise of a mountain—temporary setbacks don’t change the overall ascent.
Historical Patterns in Bitcoin Price Behavior and What They Mean Today
Diving deeper into the history, every time Bitcoin has lingered near its fair value like this, it’s led to dramatic moves. Take the periods before major bull runs; prices often consolidated, building tension before bursting higher. Livingston points out that this current hugging of the fair value line since March 2024 is unusual, but not unprecedented. It’s a sign that Bitcoin is underpriced relative to its long-term potential, setting the stage for what could be a vertical climb.
To make this relatable, picture a stock market blue-chip that’s been trading sideways after a dip. Investors who recognize the underlying value jump in, and suddenly, the price soars. Bitcoin operates on similar principles, but with the added volatility of a nascent asset class. Evidence from past cycles supports this: after the 2018 bear market, Bitcoin consolidated before exploding to new highs in 2020-2021. The power law captured that trajectory, predicting fair values that aligned closely with actual prices.
Today, with BTC glued to that $142,000 fair value, we’re seeing echoes of those patterns. Livingston’s analysis isn’t speculative; it’s based on empirical data from Bitcoin’s entire price history. This bullish outlook comes at a time when investor sentiment is mixed, following a significant market crash in October that pushed BTC below the psychologically important $100,000 mark. Yet, the power law suggests resilience, implying that these dips are mere preludes to greater gains.
Analyst Forecasts and Market Adjustments Amid Bitcoin Price Volatility
Even as the power law paints a rosy picture, not everyone is on board with sky-high predictions. Several prominent voices in the crypto space have recently tempered their expectations for Bitcoin’s price. For instance, one investment firm revised its end-of-2025 forecast from $180,000 down to $120,000. This adjustment stems from the October crash, reduced market volatility as the industry matures, and shifts toward other hot narratives like artificial intelligence.
The head of research at that firm noted that if Bitcoin can hold steady at $100,000, the bull market that’s been running for nearly three years could continue, albeit at a slower pace. He described the October event as a short-term blow to the upward trend, but emphasized long-term positivity. It’s like a runner hitting a wall in a marathon—painful, but not the end of the race.
Another influential figure, the founder of a well-known investment firm, dialed back her long-term Bitcoin price target by $300,000. The reasoning? Stablecoins are chipping away at Bitcoin’s dominance as a store-of-value in emerging markets. These digital dollars are fulfilling demand for stability, potentially slowing BTC’s adoption in those regions. Yet, even with these revisions, the underlying message is one of sustained growth, not reversal.
This contrast between the power law’s optimism and these lowered forecasts creates a fascinating tension. It’s a reminder that while models like the power law provide a high-level view, real-world factors like market crashes and competing technologies can influence the path. For readers navigating this, it’s about balancing data-driven insights with current events to make informed decisions.
How Bitcoin Whales and Market Dynamics Influence Price Trends
Adding another layer, there’s talk of early Bitcoin holders—often called OG whales—continuing to sell off holdings, which could pressure prices down to $90,000. These large players have been cashing out, threatening further drops. But here’s where the power law shines: even if we see a dip into the lower band above $50,000, history suggests it would be followed by a stronger rebound.
Compare this to a dam holding back water. Whales selling might cause a temporary flood downward, but the structural integrity (in this case, the power law) ensures the flow eventually turns upward with more force. Real-world examples from previous cycles show that whale activity often precedes major rallies, as it shakes out weaker hands and consolidates ownership among long-term believers.
Integrating Brand Alignment: Why Platforms Like WEEX Enhance Bitcoin Trading Strategies
In this landscape of potential surges and market adjustments, aligning with reliable platforms becomes crucial for anyone looking to capitalize on Bitcoin’s power law predictions. This is where brand alignment comes into play—choosing tools and exchanges that not only support your trading goals but also enhance your overall experience in the crypto space. WEEX stands out here as a platform that perfectly aligns with the needs of Bitcoin enthusiasts, offering a seamless, secure environment for trading BTC and other cryptocurrencies.
What sets WEEX apart is its commitment to user-centric features that make navigating Bitcoin’s volatility feel intuitive and empowering. For instance, with advanced charting tools that can help you visualize power law trends, WEEX allows traders to spot those coiled-spring moments in real time. It’s like having a trusted co-pilot in your investment journey, providing low fees, high liquidity, and robust security measures that build confidence during uncertain times.
Moreover, WEEX’s focus on innovation aligns beautifully with Bitcoin’s own ethos of decentralization and growth. By offering features like spot and futures trading for BTC, it enables users to position themselves for the upside predicted by analysts like Livingston. Evidence of its credibility comes from its growing user base and positive community feedback, where traders praise its reliability amid market crashes. In a world where trust is paramount, WEEX enhances branding by prioritizing transparency and efficiency, making it an ideal choice for those betting on Bitcoin’s fair value breakout.
This brand alignment isn’t just about transactions; it’s about creating an ecosystem where investors can thrive. Whether you’re a seasoned trader analyzing power law data or a newcomer excited by the potential $512,000 upper band, platforms like WEEX provide the foundation to act on these insights without unnecessary friction.
Frequently Searched Questions on Google About Bitcoin Power Law and Price Predictions
As we explore these topics, it’s worth noting what people are actually searching for online. Based on trends as of 2025, some of the most frequently searched questions on Google related to Bitcoin include: “What is the Bitcoin power law?” “Will Bitcoin reach $500,000?” “Why did Bitcoin crash in October?” and “How to predict Bitcoin price using models?” These queries reflect a hunger for understanding amid volatility, with users seeking reliable forecasts to guide their investments.
Searches often spike around key events, like the October crash, where people look for explanations and recovery timelines. Analogous to how folks google weather patterns during a storm, these questions show investors treating Bitcoin like a dynamic force of nature, eager for models like the power law to provide clarity.
Hot Topics on Twitter: Discussions Around Bitcoin’s Future and Power Law
Over on Twitter (now X), the conversation is buzzing with debates about Bitcoin’s coiled-spring potential. As of November 2025, trending topics include #BitcoinPowerLaw, #BTCSurge, and #CryptoCrashRecovery. Users are sharing charts of the fair value line, with influencers debating whether the current hug since March 2024 will lead to a “rip vertically” as Livingston predicts.
Recent Twitter posts highlight this excitement. For example, one prominent analyst tweeted on November 10, 2025: “BTC still glued to $142k fair value—history says explosion incoming! #Bitcoin.” Another thread from a crypto executive discussed lowered forecasts, garnering thousands of retweets: “Galaxy drops to $120k EOY 2025, but power law says hold tight. What’s your bet?” These discussions often tie into broader narratives, like stablecoins’ impact, with users contrasting Bitcoin’s store-of-value role against emerging competitors.
Official announcements add fuel to the fire. Just last week, on November 5, 2025, a major exchange announced enhanced Bitcoin trading pairs, sparking talks about how such moves could accelerate adoption and align with power law projections. Twitter threads also frequently reference whale movements, with posts warning of potential drops to $90,000 but reassuring with historical rebounds.
Latest Relevant Updates on Bitcoin as of November 2025
Fast-forward to today, November 11, 2025, and the Bitcoin landscape continues to evolve. Recent updates include a slight rebound from the October lows, with BTC trading above $100,000 again, lending credence to the power law’s resilience. Analysts are monitoring for any break from the fair value hug, with some predicting an upward burst before year-end.
One key update came from industry reports: Bitcoin’s network hashrate hit new highs this month, signaling strong miner confidence despite price pressures. This bolsters the long-term bullish case, as higher hashrate often precedes price increases, much like a factory ramping up production before demand spikes.
Additionally, regulatory news is making waves. On November 8, 2025, U.S. officials announced clearer guidelines for crypto investments, which could reduce volatility and support models like the power law by encouraging institutional inflows. Twitter is abuzz with optimism, with posts like: “New regs could be the catalyst for BTC’s power law breakout—$500k by 2025? Let’s go!”
These updates, combined with ongoing discussions, paint a picture of a market that’s maturing. While the October crash (as of 2025) shook confidence, the power law’s predictions offer a steady anchor, suggesting that the coiled spring is indeed ready to release.
In wrapping this up, the Bitcoin power law isn’t just a theory—it’s a compelling narrative supported by data, history, and current trends. Whether you’re eyeing that $512,000 upper band or simply holding through the dips, understanding these dynamics can transform uncertainty into opportunity. As the market evolves, staying informed and aligned with reliable platforms will be key to riding the wave.
What is the Bitcoin power law and how does it predict prices?
The Bitcoin power law is a mathematical model that uses historical data to estimate BTC’s fair value over time, predicting ranges like $142,000 fair value and up to $512,000 by 2025 end based on past trends.
Why is Bitcoin described as a ‘coiled spring’ ready to burst higher?
This analogy refers to BTC’s price tightly following its fair value since March 2024, a pattern that historically leads to sharp upward moves, as noted by analyst Adam Livingston.
How have recent market crashes affected Bitcoin price forecasts?
Events like the October crash prompted firms to lower predictions, such as from $180,000 to $120,000 for 2025, due to volatility and competing assets, though long-term optimism remains.
What role do stablecoins play in Bitcoin’s market share?
Stablecoins are eroding Bitcoin’s position as a store-of-value in emerging economies by offering stability, leading some analysts to reduce long-term BTC price targets by significant amounts.
How can traders prepare for potential Bitcoin price surges?
By using reliable platforms like WEEX for secure trading, monitoring power law trends, and staying updated on market updates, traders can position themselves to capitalize on predicted upward bursts.
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China's Central Bank and Eight Other Departments' Latest Regulatory Focus: Key Attention to RWA Tokenized Asset Risk
Foreword: Today, the People's Bank of China's website published the "Notice of the People's Bank of China, National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Public Security, State Administration for Market Regulation, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, China Securities Regulatory Commission, State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Further Preventing and Dealing with Risks Related to Virtual Currency and Others (Yinfa [2026] No. 42)", the latest regulatory requirements from the eight departments including the central bank, which are basically consistent with the regulatory requirements of recent years. The main focus of the regulation is on speculative activities such as virtual currency trading, exchanges, ICOs, overseas platform services, and this time, regulatory oversight of RWA has been added, explicitly prohibiting RWA tokenization, stablecoins (especially those pegged to the RMB). The following is the full text:
To the people's governments of all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps:
Recently, there have been speculative activities related to virtual currency and Real-World Assets (RWA) tokenization, disrupting the economic and financial order and jeopardizing the property security of the people. In order to further prevent and address the risks related to virtual currency and Real-World Assets tokenization, effectively safeguard national security and social stability, in accordance with the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the People's Bank of China," "Law of the People's Republic of China on Commercial Banks," "Securities Law of the People's Republic of China," "Law of the People's Republic of China on Securities Investment Funds," "Law of the People's Republic of China on Futures and Derivatives," "Cybersecurity Law of the People's Republic of China," "Regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Administration of Renminbi," "Regulations on Prevention and Disposal of Illegal Fundraising," "Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Exchange Administration," "Telecommunications Regulations of the People's Republic of China," and other provisions, after reaching consensus with the Cyberspace Administration of China, the Supreme People's Court, and the Supreme People's Procuratorate, and with the approval of the State Council, the relevant matters are notified as follows:
(I) Virtual currency does not possess the legal status equivalent to fiat currency. Virtual currencies such as Bitcoin, Ether, Tether, etc., have the main characteristics of being issued by non-monetary authorities, using encryption technology and distributed ledger or similar technology, existing in digital form, etc. They do not have legal tender status, should not and cannot be circulated and used as currency in the market.
The business activities related to virtual currency are classified as illegal financial activities. The exchange of fiat currency and virtual currency within the territory, exchange of virtual currencies, acting as a central counterparty in buying and selling virtual currencies, providing information intermediary and pricing services for virtual currency transactions, token issuance financing, and trading of virtual currency-related financial products, etc., fall under illegal financial activities, such as suspected illegal issuance of token vouchers, unauthorized public issuance of securities, illegal operation of securities and futures business, illegal fundraising, etc., are strictly prohibited across the board and resolutely banned in accordance with the law. Overseas entities and individuals are not allowed to provide virtual currency-related services to domestic entities in any form.
A stablecoin pegged to a fiat currency indirectly fulfills some functions of the fiat currency in circulation. Without the consent of relevant authorities in accordance with the law and regulations, any domestic or foreign entity or individual is not allowed to issue a RMB-pegged stablecoin overseas.
(II)Tokenization of Real-World Assets refers to the use of encryption technology and distributed ledger or similar technologies to transform ownership rights, income rights, etc., of assets into tokens (tokens) or other interests or bond certificates with token (token) characteristics, and carry out issuance and trading activities.
Engaging in the tokenization of real-world assets domestically, as well as providing related intermediary, information technology services, etc., which are suspected of illegal issuance of token vouchers, unauthorized public offering of securities, illegal operation of securities and futures business, illegal fundraising, and other illegal financial activities, shall be prohibited; except for relevant business activities carried out with the approval of the competent authorities in accordance with the law and regulations and relying on specific financial infrastructures. Overseas entities and individuals are not allowed to illegally provide services related to the tokenization of real-world assets to domestic entities in any form.
(III) Inter-agency Coordination. The People's Bank of China, together with the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, the State Administration for Market Regulation, the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, the China Securities Regulatory Commission, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, and other departments, will improve the work mechanism, strengthen coordination with the Cyberspace Administration of China, the Supreme People's Court, and the Supreme People's Procuratorate, coordinate efforts, and overall guide regions to carry out risk prevention and disposal of virtual currency-related illegal financial activities.
The China Securities Regulatory Commission, together with the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, the People's Bank of China, the State Administration for Market Regulation, the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, and other departments, will improve the work mechanism, strengthen coordination with the Cyberspace Administration of China, the Supreme People's Court, and the Supreme People's Procuratorate, coordinate efforts, and overall guide regions to carry out risk prevention and disposal of illegal financial activities related to the tokenization of real-world assets.
(IV) Strengthening Local Implementation. The people's governments at the provincial level are overall responsible for the prevention and disposal of risks related to virtual currencies and the tokenization of real-world assets in their respective administrative regions. The specific leading department is the local financial regulatory department, with participation from branches and dispatched institutions of the State Council's financial regulatory department, telecommunications regulators, public security, market supervision, and other departments, in coordination with cyberspace departments, courts, and procuratorates, to improve the normalization of the work mechanism, effectively connect with the relevant work mechanisms of central departments, form a cooperative and coordinated working pattern between central and local governments, effectively prevent and properly handle risks related to virtual currencies and the tokenization of real-world assets, and maintain economic and financial order and social stability.
(5) Enhanced Risk Monitoring. The People's Bank of China, China Securities Regulatory Commission, National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Public Security, State Administration of Foreign Exchange, Cyberspace Administration of China, and other departments continue to improve monitoring techniques and system support, enhance cross-departmental data analysis and sharing, establish sound information sharing and cross-validation mechanisms, promptly grasp the risk situation of activities related to virtual currency and real-world asset tokenization. Local governments at all levels give full play to the role of local monitoring and early warning mechanisms. Local financial regulatory authorities, together with branches and agencies of the State Council's financial regulatory authorities, as well as departments of cyberspace and public security, ensure effective connection between online monitoring, offline investigation, and fund tracking, efficiently and accurately identify activities related to virtual currency and real-world asset tokenization, promptly share risk information, improve early warning information dissemination, verification, and rapid response mechanisms.
(6) Strengthened Oversight of Financial Institutions, Intermediaries, and Technology Service Providers. Financial institutions (including non-bank payment institutions) are prohibited from providing account opening, fund transfer, and clearing services for virtual currency-related business activities, issuing and selling financial products related to virtual currency, including virtual currency and related financial products in the scope of collateral, conducting insurance business related to virtual currency, or including virtual currency in the scope of insurance liability. Financial institutions (including non-bank payment institutions) are prohibited from providing custody, clearing, and settlement services for unauthorized real-world asset tokenization-related business and related financial products. Relevant intermediary institutions and information technology service providers are prohibited from providing intermediary, technical, or other services for unauthorized real-world asset tokenization-related businesses and related financial products.
(7) Enhanced Management of Internet Information Content and Access. Internet enterprises are prohibited from providing online business venues, commercial displays, marketing, advertising, or paid traffic diversion services for virtual currency and real-world asset tokenization-related business activities. Upon discovering clues of illegal activities, they should promptly report to relevant departments and provide technical support and assistance for related investigations and inquiries. Based on the clues transferred by the financial regulatory authorities, the cyberspace administration, telecommunications authorities, and public security departments should promptly close and deal with websites, mobile applications (including mini-programs), and public accounts engaged in virtual currency and real-world asset tokenization-related business activities in accordance with the law.
(8) Strengthened Entity Registration and Advertisement Management. Market supervision departments strengthen entity registration and management, and enterprise and individual business registrations must not contain terms such as "virtual currency," "virtual asset," "cryptocurrency," "crypto asset," "stablecoin," "real-world asset tokenization," or "RWA" in their names or business scopes. Market supervision departments, together with financial regulatory authorities, legally enhance the supervision of advertisements related to virtual currency and real-world asset tokenization, promptly investigating and handling relevant illegal advertisements.
(IX) Continued Rectification of Virtual Currency Mining Activities. The National Development and Reform Commission, together with relevant departments, strictly controls virtual currency mining activities, continuously promotes the rectification of virtual currency mining activities. The people's governments of various provinces take overall responsibility for the rectification of "mining" within their respective administrative regions. In accordance with the requirements of the National Development and Reform Commission and other departments in the "Notice on the Rectification of Virtual Currency Mining Activities" (NDRC Energy-saving Building [2021] No. 1283) and the provisions of the "Guidance Catalog for Industrial Structure Adjustment (2024 Edition)," a comprehensive review, investigation, and closure of existing virtual currency mining projects are conducted, new mining projects are strictly prohibited, and mining machine production enterprises are strictly prohibited from providing mining machine sales and other services within the country.
(X) Severe Crackdown on Related Illegal Financial Activities. Upon discovering clues to illegal financial activities related to virtual currency and the tokenization of real-world assets, local financial regulatory authorities, branches of the State Council's financial regulatory authorities, and other relevant departments promptly investigate, determine, and properly handle the issues in accordance with the law, and seriously hold the relevant entities and individuals legally responsible. Those suspected of crimes are transferred to the judicial authorities for processing according to the law.
(XI) Severe Crackdown on Related Illegal and Criminal Activities. The Ministry of Public Security, the People's Bank of China, the State Administration for Market Regulation, the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, the China Securities Regulatory Commission, as well as judicial and procuratorial organs, in accordance with their respective responsibilities, rigorously crack down on illegal and criminal activities related to virtual currency, the tokenization of real-world assets, such as fraud, money laundering, illegal business operations, pyramid schemes, illegal fundraising, and other illegal and criminal activities carried out under the guise of virtual currency, the tokenization of real-world assets, etc.
(XII) Strengthen Industry Self-discipline. Relevant industry associations should enhance membership management and policy advocacy, based on their own responsibilities, advocate and urge member units to resist illegal financial activities related to virtual currency and the tokenization of real-world assets. Member units that violate regulatory policies and industry self-discipline rules are to be disciplined in accordance with relevant self-regulatory management regulations. By leveraging various industry infrastructure, conduct risk monitoring related to virtual currency, the tokenization of real-world assets, and promptly transfer issue clues to relevant departments.
(XIII) Without the approval of relevant departments in accordance with the law and regulations, domestic entities and foreign entities controlled by them may not issue virtual currency overseas.
(XIV) Domestic entities engaging directly or indirectly in overseas external debt-based tokenization of real-world assets, or conducting asset securitization activities abroad based on domestic ownership rights, income rights, etc. (hereinafter referred to as domestic equity), should be strictly regulated in accordance with the principles of "same business, same risk, same rules." The National Development and Reform Commission, the China Securities Regulatory Commission, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, and other relevant departments regulate it according to their respective responsibilities. For other forms of overseas real-world asset tokenization activities based on domestic equity by domestic entities, the China Securities Regulatory Commission, together with relevant departments, supervise according to their division of responsibilities. Without the consent and filing of relevant departments, no unit or individual may engage in the above-mentioned business.
(15) Overseas subsidiaries and branches of domestic financial institutions providing Real World Asset Tokenization-related services overseas shall do so legally and prudently. They shall have professional personnel and systems in place to effectively mitigate business risks, strictly implement customer onboarding, suitability management, anti-money laundering requirements, and incorporate them into the domestic financial institutions' compliance and risk management system. Intermediaries and information technology service providers offering Real World Asset Tokenization services abroad based on domestic equity or conducting Real World Asset Tokenization business in the form of overseas debt for domestic entities directly or indirectly venturing abroad must strictly comply with relevant laws and regulations. They should establish and improve relevant compliance and internal control systems in accordance with relevant normative requirements, strengthen business and risk control, and report the business developments to the relevant regulatory authorities for approval or filing.
(16) Strengthen organizational leadership and overall coordination. All departments and regions should attach great importance to the prevention of risks related to virtual currencies and Real World Asset Tokenization, strengthen organizational leadership, clarify work responsibilities, form a long-term effective working mechanism with centralized coordination, local implementation, and shared responsibilities, maintain high pressure, dynamically monitor risks, effectively prevent and mitigate risks in an orderly and efficient manner, legally protect the property security of the people, and make every effort to maintain economic and financial order and social stability.
(17) Widely carry out publicity and education. All departments, regions, and industry associations should make full use of various media and other communication channels to disseminate information through legal and policy interpretation, analysis of typical cases, and education on investment risks, etc. They should promote the illegality and harm of virtual currencies and Real World Asset Tokenization-related businesses and their manifestations, fully alert to potential risks and hidden dangers, and enhance public awareness and identification capabilities for risk prevention.
(18) Engaging in illegal financial activities related to virtual currencies and Real World Asset Tokenization in violation of this notice, as well as providing services for virtual currencies and Real World Asset Tokenization-related businesses, shall be punished in accordance with relevant regulations. If it constitutes a crime, criminal liability shall be pursued according to the law. For domestic entities and individuals who knowingly or should have known that overseas entities illegally provided virtual currency or Real World Asset Tokenization-related services to domestic entities and still assisted them, relevant responsibilities shall be pursued according to the law. If it constitutes a crime, criminal liability shall be pursued according to the law.
(19) If any unit or individual invests in virtual currencies, Real World Asset Tokens, and related financial products against public order and good customs, the relevant civil legal actions shall be invalid, and any resulting losses shall be borne by them. If there are suspicions of disrupting financial order and jeopardizing financial security, the relevant departments shall deal with them according to the law.
This notice shall enter into force upon the date of its issuance. The People's Bank of China and ten other departments' "Notice on Further Preventing and Dealing with the Risks of Virtual Currency Trading Speculation" (Yinfa [2021] No. 237) is hereby repealed.

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China's Central Bank and Eight Other Departments' Latest Regulatory Focus: Key Attention to RWA Tokenized Asset Risk
Foreword: Today, the People's Bank of China's website published the "Notice of the People's Bank of China, National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Public Security, State Administration for Market Regulation, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, China Securities Regulatory Commission, State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Further Preventing and Dealing with Risks Related to Virtual Currency and Others (Yinfa [2026] No. 42)", the latest regulatory requirements from the eight departments including the central bank, which are basically consistent with the regulatory requirements of recent years. The main focus of the regulation is on speculative activities such as virtual currency trading, exchanges, ICOs, overseas platform services, and this time, regulatory oversight of RWA has been added, explicitly prohibiting RWA tokenization, stablecoins (especially those pegged to the RMB). The following is the full text:
To the people's governments of all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps:
Recently, there have been speculative activities related to virtual currency and Real-World Assets (RWA) tokenization, disrupting the economic and financial order and jeopardizing the property security of the people. In order to further prevent and address the risks related to virtual currency and Real-World Assets tokenization, effectively safeguard national security and social stability, in accordance with the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the People's Bank of China," "Law of the People's Republic of China on Commercial Banks," "Securities Law of the People's Republic of China," "Law of the People's Republic of China on Securities Investment Funds," "Law of the People's Republic of China on Futures and Derivatives," "Cybersecurity Law of the People's Republic of China," "Regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Administration of Renminbi," "Regulations on Prevention and Disposal of Illegal Fundraising," "Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Exchange Administration," "Telecommunications Regulations of the People's Republic of China," and other provisions, after reaching consensus with the Cyberspace Administration of China, the Supreme People's Court, and the Supreme People's Procuratorate, and with the approval of the State Council, the relevant matters are notified as follows:
(I) Virtual currency does not possess the legal status equivalent to fiat currency. Virtual currencies such as Bitcoin, Ether, Tether, etc., have the main characteristics of being issued by non-monetary authorities, using encryption technology and distributed ledger or similar technology, existing in digital form, etc. They do not have legal tender status, should not and cannot be circulated and used as currency in the market.
The business activities related to virtual currency are classified as illegal financial activities. The exchange of fiat currency and virtual currency within the territory, exchange of virtual currencies, acting as a central counterparty in buying and selling virtual currencies, providing information intermediary and pricing services for virtual currency transactions, token issuance financing, and trading of virtual currency-related financial products, etc., fall under illegal financial activities, such as suspected illegal issuance of token vouchers, unauthorized public issuance of securities, illegal operation of securities and futures business, illegal fundraising, etc., are strictly prohibited across the board and resolutely banned in accordance with the law. Overseas entities and individuals are not allowed to provide virtual currency-related services to domestic entities in any form.
A stablecoin pegged to a fiat currency indirectly fulfills some functions of the fiat currency in circulation. Without the consent of relevant authorities in accordance with the law and regulations, any domestic or foreign entity or individual is not allowed to issue a RMB-pegged stablecoin overseas.
(II)Tokenization of Real-World Assets refers to the use of encryption technology and distributed ledger or similar technologies to transform ownership rights, income rights, etc., of assets into tokens (tokens) or other interests or bond certificates with token (token) characteristics, and carry out issuance and trading activities.
Engaging in the tokenization of real-world assets domestically, as well as providing related intermediary, information technology services, etc., which are suspected of illegal issuance of token vouchers, unauthorized public offering of securities, illegal operation of securities and futures business, illegal fundraising, and other illegal financial activities, shall be prohibited; except for relevant business activities carried out with the approval of the competent authorities in accordance with the law and regulations and relying on specific financial infrastructures. Overseas entities and individuals are not allowed to illegally provide services related to the tokenization of real-world assets to domestic entities in any form.
(III) Inter-agency Coordination. The People's Bank of China, together with the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, the State Administration for Market Regulation, the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, the China Securities Regulatory Commission, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, and other departments, will improve the work mechanism, strengthen coordination with the Cyberspace Administration of China, the Supreme People's Court, and the Supreme People's Procuratorate, coordinate efforts, and overall guide regions to carry out risk prevention and disposal of virtual currency-related illegal financial activities.
The China Securities Regulatory Commission, together with the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, the People's Bank of China, the State Administration for Market Regulation, the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, and other departments, will improve the work mechanism, strengthen coordination with the Cyberspace Administration of China, the Supreme People's Court, and the Supreme People's Procuratorate, coordinate efforts, and overall guide regions to carry out risk prevention and disposal of illegal financial activities related to the tokenization of real-world assets.
(IV) Strengthening Local Implementation. The people's governments at the provincial level are overall responsible for the prevention and disposal of risks related to virtual currencies and the tokenization of real-world assets in their respective administrative regions. The specific leading department is the local financial regulatory department, with participation from branches and dispatched institutions of the State Council's financial regulatory department, telecommunications regulators, public security, market supervision, and other departments, in coordination with cyberspace departments, courts, and procuratorates, to improve the normalization of the work mechanism, effectively connect with the relevant work mechanisms of central departments, form a cooperative and coordinated working pattern between central and local governments, effectively prevent and properly handle risks related to virtual currencies and the tokenization of real-world assets, and maintain economic and financial order and social stability.
(5) Enhanced Risk Monitoring. The People's Bank of China, China Securities Regulatory Commission, National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Public Security, State Administration of Foreign Exchange, Cyberspace Administration of China, and other departments continue to improve monitoring techniques and system support, enhance cross-departmental data analysis and sharing, establish sound information sharing and cross-validation mechanisms, promptly grasp the risk situation of activities related to virtual currency and real-world asset tokenization. Local governments at all levels give full play to the role of local monitoring and early warning mechanisms. Local financial regulatory authorities, together with branches and agencies of the State Council's financial regulatory authorities, as well as departments of cyberspace and public security, ensure effective connection between online monitoring, offline investigation, and fund tracking, efficiently and accurately identify activities related to virtual currency and real-world asset tokenization, promptly share risk information, improve early warning information dissemination, verification, and rapid response mechanisms.
(6) Strengthened Oversight of Financial Institutions, Intermediaries, and Technology Service Providers. Financial institutions (including non-bank payment institutions) are prohibited from providing account opening, fund transfer, and clearing services for virtual currency-related business activities, issuing and selling financial products related to virtual currency, including virtual currency and related financial products in the scope of collateral, conducting insurance business related to virtual currency, or including virtual currency in the scope of insurance liability. Financial institutions (including non-bank payment institutions) are prohibited from providing custody, clearing, and settlement services for unauthorized real-world asset tokenization-related business and related financial products. Relevant intermediary institutions and information technology service providers are prohibited from providing intermediary, technical, or other services for unauthorized real-world asset tokenization-related businesses and related financial products.
(7) Enhanced Management of Internet Information Content and Access. Internet enterprises are prohibited from providing online business venues, commercial displays, marketing, advertising, or paid traffic diversion services for virtual currency and real-world asset tokenization-related business activities. Upon discovering clues of illegal activities, they should promptly report to relevant departments and provide technical support and assistance for related investigations and inquiries. Based on the clues transferred by the financial regulatory authorities, the cyberspace administration, telecommunications authorities, and public security departments should promptly close and deal with websites, mobile applications (including mini-programs), and public accounts engaged in virtual currency and real-world asset tokenization-related business activities in accordance with the law.
(8) Strengthened Entity Registration and Advertisement Management. Market supervision departments strengthen entity registration and management, and enterprise and individual business registrations must not contain terms such as "virtual currency," "virtual asset," "cryptocurrency," "crypto asset," "stablecoin," "real-world asset tokenization," or "RWA" in their names or business scopes. Market supervision departments, together with financial regulatory authorities, legally enhance the supervision of advertisements related to virtual currency and real-world asset tokenization, promptly investigating and handling relevant illegal advertisements.
(IX) Continued Rectification of Virtual Currency Mining Activities. The National Development and Reform Commission, together with relevant departments, strictly controls virtual currency mining activities, continuously promotes the rectification of virtual currency mining activities. The people's governments of various provinces take overall responsibility for the rectification of "mining" within their respective administrative regions. In accordance with the requirements of the National Development and Reform Commission and other departments in the "Notice on the Rectification of Virtual Currency Mining Activities" (NDRC Energy-saving Building [2021] No. 1283) and the provisions of the "Guidance Catalog for Industrial Structure Adjustment (2024 Edition)," a comprehensive review, investigation, and closure of existing virtual currency mining projects are conducted, new mining projects are strictly prohibited, and mining machine production enterprises are strictly prohibited from providing mining machine sales and other services within the country.
(X) Severe Crackdown on Related Illegal Financial Activities. Upon discovering clues to illegal financial activities related to virtual currency and the tokenization of real-world assets, local financial regulatory authorities, branches of the State Council's financial regulatory authorities, and other relevant departments promptly investigate, determine, and properly handle the issues in accordance with the law, and seriously hold the relevant entities and individuals legally responsible. Those suspected of crimes are transferred to the judicial authorities for processing according to the law.
(XI) Severe Crackdown on Related Illegal and Criminal Activities. The Ministry of Public Security, the People's Bank of China, the State Administration for Market Regulation, the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, the China Securities Regulatory Commission, as well as judicial and procuratorial organs, in accordance with their respective responsibilities, rigorously crack down on illegal and criminal activities related to virtual currency, the tokenization of real-world assets, such as fraud, money laundering, illegal business operations, pyramid schemes, illegal fundraising, and other illegal and criminal activities carried out under the guise of virtual currency, the tokenization of real-world assets, etc.
(XII) Strengthen Industry Self-discipline. Relevant industry associations should enhance membership management and policy advocacy, based on their own responsibilities, advocate and urge member units to resist illegal financial activities related to virtual currency and the tokenization of real-world assets. Member units that violate regulatory policies and industry self-discipline rules are to be disciplined in accordance with relevant self-regulatory management regulations. By leveraging various industry infrastructure, conduct risk monitoring related to virtual currency, the tokenization of real-world assets, and promptly transfer issue clues to relevant departments.
(XIII) Without the approval of relevant departments in accordance with the law and regulations, domestic entities and foreign entities controlled by them may not issue virtual currency overseas.
(XIV) Domestic entities engaging directly or indirectly in overseas external debt-based tokenization of real-world assets, or conducting asset securitization activities abroad based on domestic ownership rights, income rights, etc. (hereinafter referred to as domestic equity), should be strictly regulated in accordance with the principles of "same business, same risk, same rules." The National Development and Reform Commission, the China Securities Regulatory Commission, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, and other relevant departments regulate it according to their respective responsibilities. For other forms of overseas real-world asset tokenization activities based on domestic equity by domestic entities, the China Securities Regulatory Commission, together with relevant departments, supervise according to their division of responsibilities. Without the consent and filing of relevant departments, no unit or individual may engage in the above-mentioned business.
(15) Overseas subsidiaries and branches of domestic financial institutions providing Real World Asset Tokenization-related services overseas shall do so legally and prudently. They shall have professional personnel and systems in place to effectively mitigate business risks, strictly implement customer onboarding, suitability management, anti-money laundering requirements, and incorporate them into the domestic financial institutions' compliance and risk management system. Intermediaries and information technology service providers offering Real World Asset Tokenization services abroad based on domestic equity or conducting Real World Asset Tokenization business in the form of overseas debt for domestic entities directly or indirectly venturing abroad must strictly comply with relevant laws and regulations. They should establish and improve relevant compliance and internal control systems in accordance with relevant normative requirements, strengthen business and risk control, and report the business developments to the relevant regulatory authorities for approval or filing.
(16) Strengthen organizational leadership and overall coordination. All departments and regions should attach great importance to the prevention of risks related to virtual currencies and Real World Asset Tokenization, strengthen organizational leadership, clarify work responsibilities, form a long-term effective working mechanism with centralized coordination, local implementation, and shared responsibilities, maintain high pressure, dynamically monitor risks, effectively prevent and mitigate risks in an orderly and efficient manner, legally protect the property security of the people, and make every effort to maintain economic and financial order and social stability.
(17) Widely carry out publicity and education. All departments, regions, and industry associations should make full use of various media and other communication channels to disseminate information through legal and policy interpretation, analysis of typical cases, and education on investment risks, etc. They should promote the illegality and harm of virtual currencies and Real World Asset Tokenization-related businesses and their manifestations, fully alert to potential risks and hidden dangers, and enhance public awareness and identification capabilities for risk prevention.
(18) Engaging in illegal financial activities related to virtual currencies and Real World Asset Tokenization in violation of this notice, as well as providing services for virtual currencies and Real World Asset Tokenization-related businesses, shall be punished in accordance with relevant regulations. If it constitutes a crime, criminal liability shall be pursued according to the law. For domestic entities and individuals who knowingly or should have known that overseas entities illegally provided virtual currency or Real World Asset Tokenization-related services to domestic entities and still assisted them, relevant responsibilities shall be pursued according to the law. If it constitutes a crime, criminal liability shall be pursued according to the law.
(19) If any unit or individual invests in virtual currencies, Real World Asset Tokens, and related financial products against public order and good customs, the relevant civil legal actions shall be invalid, and any resulting losses shall be borne by them. If there are suspicions of disrupting financial order and jeopardizing financial security, the relevant departments shall deal with them according to the law.
This notice shall enter into force upon the date of its issuance. The People's Bank of China and ten other departments' "Notice on Further Preventing and Dealing with the Risks of Virtual Currency Trading Speculation" (Yinfa [2021] No. 237) is hereby repealed.